An accessible and practical tool for effective antenna design. Due to the rapid development of wireless communications, the modeling of radiation and scattering is becoming more important in the design of antennas. Consequently, it is increasingly important for antenna designers and students of antenna design to have a comprehensive simulation tool.

The main subject of this book is the fuzzy c-means proposed by Dunn and Bezdek and their variations including recent studies. A main reason why we concentrate on fuzzy c-means is that most methodology and application studies in fuzzy clustering use fuzzy c-means, and hence fuzzy c-means should be considered to be a major technique of clustering in general, regardless whether one is interested in fuzzy methods or not. Unlike most studies in fuzzy c-means, what we emphasize in this book is a family of algorithms using entropy or entropy-regularized methods which are less known, but we consider the entropy-based method to be another useful method of fuzzy c-means. Throughout this book one of our intentions is to uncover theoretical and methodological differences between the Dunn and Bezdek traditional method and the entropy-based method. We do note claim that the entropy-based method is better than the traditional method, but we believe that the methods of fuzzy c-means become complete by adding the entropy-based method to the method by Dunn and Bezdek, since we can observe natures of the both methods more deeply by contrasting these two.

Many problems in science and engineering are described by nonlinear differential equations, which can be notoriously difficult to solve. Through the interplay of topological and variational ideas, methods of nonlinear analysis are able to tackle such fundamental problems. This graduate text explains some of the key techniques in a way that will be appreciated by mathematicians, physicists and engineers. Starting from elementary tools of bifurcation theory and analysis, the authors cover a number of more modern topics from critical point theory to elliptic partial differential equations. A series of Appendices give convenient accounts of a variety of advanced topics that will introduce the reader to areas of current research. The book is amply illustrated and many chapters are rounded off with a set of exercises.

Physical, safety or technological constraints induce that the control actuators can neither provide unlimited amplitude signals nor unlimited speed of reaction. The control problems of combat aircraft prototypes and satellite launchers offer interesting examples of the difficulties due to these major constraints.

Stochastic Methods for Flow in Porous Media: Coping with Uncertainties explores fluid flow in complex geologic environments. The parameterization of uncertainty into flow models is important for managing water resources, preserving subsurface water quality, storing energy and wastes, and improving the safety and economics of extracting subsurface mineral and energy resources. This volume systematically introduces a number of stochastic methods used by researchers in the community in a tutorial way and presents methodologies for spatially and temporally stationary as well as nonstationary flows. The author compiles a number of well-known results and useful formulae and includes exercises at the end of each chapter.

The goal of Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies is to provide ample detail so that the reader can understand why leakage power components are becoming increasingly relevant in CMOS systems that use nanometer scale MOS devices. Leakage current sources at the MOS device level including sub-threshold and different types of tunneling are discussed in detail. The book covers promising solutions at the device, circuit, and architecture levels of abstraction.

The Handbook of Mathematical Fluid Dynamics is a compendium of essays that provides a survey of the major topics in the subject. Each article traces developments, surveys the results of the past decade, discusses the current state of knowledge and presents major future directions and open problems. Extensive bibliographic material is provided. The book is intended to be useful both to experts in the field and to mathematicians and other scientists who wish to learn about or begin research in mathematical fluid dynamics. The Handbook illuminates an exciting subject that involves rigorous mathematical theory applied to an important physical problem, namely the motion of fluids.

Inertial navigation is widely used for the guidance of aircraft, missiles ships and land vehicles, as well as in a number of novel applications such as surveying underground pipelines in drilling operations. This book sets out to provide a clear and concise description of the physical principles of inertial navigation, the associated growth of errors and their compensation. There is also detailed treatment of recent developments in inertial sensor technology and a description of techniques for implementing and evaluating such systems. This new edition includes a number of refinements covering sensor technology, geodesy and error modelling, the major additions to the original text are new chapters on MEMS technology and intertial system applications.

This tract develops the purely mathematical side of the theory of probability, without reference to any applications. When originally published, it was one of the earliest works in the field built on the axiomatic foundations introduced by A. Kolmogoroff in his book Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, thus treating the subject as a branch of the theory of completely additive set functions. The author restricts himself to a consideration of probability distributions in spaces of a finite number of dimensions, and to problems connected with the Central Limit Theorem and some of its generalizations and modifications. In this edition the chapter on Liapounoff's theorem has been partly rewritten, and now includes a proof of the important inequality due to Berry and Esseen. The terminology has been modernized, and several minor changes have been made.

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This book contains the first systematic exposition of the global and local theory of dynamics equivariant with respect to a (compact) Lie group. Aside from general genericity and normal form theorems on equivariant bifurcation, it describes many general families of examples of equivariant bifurcation and includes a number of novel geometric techniques, in particular, equivariant transversality. This important book forms a theoretical basis of future work on equivariant reversible and Hamiltonian systems. This book also provides a general and comprehensive introduction to codimension one equivariant bifurcation theory. In particular, it includes the bifurcation theory developed with Roger Richardson on subgroups of reflection groups and the Maximal Isotropy Subgroup Conjecture. A number of general results are also given on the global theory. Introductory material on groups, representations and G-manifolds are covered in the first three chapters of the book. In addition, a self-contained introduction of equivariant transversality is given, including necessary results on stratifications as well as results on equivariant jet transversality developed by Edward Bierstone.

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